As measles cases rise sharply in the US, a new tool called wastewater surveillance is being used to track the spread of the virus. This method, which gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, can detect measles in sewage and identify potential cases before symptoms appear. The CDC reports that over 1,157 cases have been reported this year, with most cases occurring in unvaccinated individuals. Vaccination rates have declined in many areas, but some regions have seen increased vaccination efforts.
随着美国麻疹病例急剧上升，一种新的工具——废水监测正在被用来追踪病毒的传播。这种方法在新冠疫情中广为人知，可以检测污水中的麻疹病毒并提前识别潜在病例。疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告称，今年已有超过1157例病例，大多数病例发生在未接种疫苗的人群中。许多地区的疫苗接种率下降，但一些地区已采取增加接种的措施。
| 英文词汇/短语 | 中文解释 | 语法说明 | 额外例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| wastewater | 废水 | 名词 | Wastewater treatment plants are essential for cleaning water. |
| surveillance | 监测 | 名词 | Surveillance is important in public health. |
| precipitously | 急剧地 | 副词 | Prices rose precipitously last month. |
| pandemic | 大流行 | 名词 | The world faced a global pandemic in 2020. |
| transmission | 传播 | 名词 | Controlling transmission is key to stopping diseases. |
| outbreak | 爆发 | 名词 | A large outbreak occurred in Texas. |
| confirmed | 确认的 | 形容词 | Only 5% of cases are confirmed. |
| probable | 可能的 | 形容词 | Three probable cases were reported. |
| unvaccinated | 未接种疫苗的 | 形容词 | Most cases involve unvaccinated people. |
| immunity | 免疫 | 名词 | People without immunity are at risk. |
| recommended | 建议的 | 形容词 | The CDC recommends full vaccination. |
| declining | 下降的 | 形容词 | Vaccination rates have been declining. |
| threshold | 阈值 | 名词 | The threshold for vaccination is 95%. |
| surge | 激增 | 动词 | Vaccination rates surged in New Mexico. |
| analytics | 分析 | 名词 | Truveta provides healthcare analytics. |
| 英文句子 | 中文解释 | 语法说明 | 额外例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wastewater surveillance rose to prominence during the Covid-19 pandemic. | 在新冠疫情期间，废水监测变得尤为重要。 | 主谓结构，使用过去时态 | During the war, medical research rose to prominence. |
| It has the potential to identify possible cases days before an individual shows symptoms or seeks care. | 它有潜力在个体出现症状或寻求治疗前几天识别可能的病例。 | 使用“has the potential to”表示可能性 | This app has the potential to change the way we learn. |
| Experts say these numbers are all a severe undercount because many cases are going unreported. | 专家表示这些数字是严重低估，因为许多病例没有被报告。 | 使用“say”引导直接引语，以及原因状语从句 | Scientists say climate change is a serious issue. |
| The CDC recommends that all travelers be fully vaccinated against measles before traveling to any international destination. | 疾病控制与预防中心建议所有旅行者在前往任何国际目的地前完全接种麻疹疫苗。 | 使用“recommend that + 主语 + should + 动词原形”结构 | The teacher recommends that students study regularly. |
| Vaccination rates have been declining across the US for years. | 美国的疫苗接种率多年来一直在下降。 | 现在完成进行时，强调持续的动作 | People’s interest in reading has been declining. |
| MMR vaccination coverage among falling below the recommended 95% threshold for at least four years. | MMR疫苗覆盖率连续四年低于推荐的95%阈值。 | 过去分词作后置定语 | The data collected from the experiment was analyzed. |
| There have been at least 14 outbreaks in the US this year, according to the CDC. | 根据疾控中心，今年美国至少发生了14起疫情。 | 现在完成时，表示截止到目前的事件 | There have been several accidents on this road. |
原文： "Wastewater surveillance rose to prominence during the Covid-19 pandemic." 中文解释： 在新冠疫情期间，废水监测变得尤为重要。 语法说明： “rose to prominence” 是固定搭配，表示“变得突出”。动词“rose”是“rise”的过去式。 额外例子： After the movie's release, the actor rose to prominence.
原文： "The CDC recommends that all travelers be fully vaccinated against measles before traveling to any international destination." 中文解释： 疾病控制与预防中心建议所有旅行者在前往任何国际目的地前完全接种麻疹疫苗。 语法说明： “recommend that + 主语 + should + 动词原形” 是一个常见的建议句型。 额外例子： The doctor recommends that you should eat more vegetables.
原文： "Vaccination rates have been declining across the US for years." 中文解释： 美国的疫苗接种率多年来一直在下降。 语法说明： 现在完成进行时“have been declining”表示动作从过去一直持续到现在。 额外例子： The number of smokers has been decreasing in recent years.